Итак, задача первостепенной важности при переводе с родного языка на английский язык — это безошибочно определить вид предложения.
Иногда возникает путаница, если предложение начинается с обстоятельства места, то есть со слов ( или слова), которые отвечают на вопрос — ГДЕ?. Могут быть такие варианты предложений:
1. В КОМНАТЕ темно.
2. В КОМНАТЕ сейчас играют дети.
3. В КОМНАТЕ два стула и кровать.
Давайте разберемся поподробнее в видах этих трех предложений.
Первое предложение — это безличное предложение первого типа с формальным подлежащим “it”. It is dark in the room.
Второе предложение — это предложение с прямым порядком слов, и его надо поставить на промежуточный вариант “R-E”: Дети играют в комнате. Тогда перевод будет следующим: The children are playing in the room.
Третье предложение переводится оборотом “There is/are…”. Итак перевод третьего предложения: There are two chairs and a bed in the room.
В следующем упражнении надо заполнить пропуски “THERE” или “IT”. В конце упражнения и напишу правильные ответы, чтобы вы могли себя проверить. Само собой разумеется, предложения надо перевести. Это легкие предложения и, думаю, затруднений не будет.
1. … were many people in the room; … was very stuffy.
2. … was hard to decide what was the best thing to do.
3. … was nobody at home when I called for him.
4. … was very wet last month, and now … is windy.
5. … is a beautiful park near my house.
6. … twenty degrees in the shade.
7. … is raining hard. take an umbrella.
8. … were a lot of visitors this morning.
9. At nine o’clock the next morning I went out. … cold and rainy.
10. … getting cold. … going to snow.
11. … were many villages on the road to town.
12. … is only two miles from here.
13. … are two dogs in the garden.
14. … is dark in the room. I can’t make out anything.
15. … will be a party in our house tomorrow.
16. … was three kilometres from the village to the town.
17. … was an old friend of yours at the concert last night.
18. When I returned home … was 5 o’clock.
19. … was only a footpath here last year.
20. … was snowing heavily yesterday.
21. … are no mistakes in your exercise.
22. … is clearing up . Let’s go out.
23. … four hundred children in the school this year.
24. … is cloudy today. … looks like rain.
25. … is a post office in the village.
26. … often rains in autumn.
27. … was a man standing under the tree ten minutes ago.
28. … is thirsty five degrees above zero today.
29. … was still very early and … was nobody to be seen in the street.
30. … spots even on the sun.
31. What is the weather like today? … keeps fine.
32. … is frosty and still snowing. How bitterly cold it is!
33. … is no royal road to learning.
34. Though the day is hot, … is cool in the shade.
35. … was a lot of fish in the river some years ago.
36. … didn’t like rain at all this morning. The shower came on all of a sudden.
37. … are no free rooms on this floor.
38. The weather was beastly. … was foggy and rainy.
39. … are some buildings of modern design in that street.
40. … is stuffy in the room. Let’s open the window.
Заполню пропуски в предложениях “There” и “It”, чтобы вы могли себя проверить.
1. There were many people in the room; it was very stuffy.
2. It was hard to decide what was the best thing to do.
3. There was nobody at home when I called for him.
4. It was very wet last month, and now it is windy.
5. There is a beautiful park near my home.
6. It was twenty degrees in the shade.
7. It is raining hard. Take an umbrella.
8. There were a lot of visitors this morning.
9. At nine o’clock the next morning I went out. It was cold and rainy.
10. It is getting cold. It is going to snow.
11. There were many villages on the road to town.
12. It is only two miles from here.
13. There are two dogs in the garden.
14. It is dark in the room. I can’t make out anything.
15. There will be a party in our house tomorrow.
16. It was three kilometres from the village to the town
17. There was an old friend of yours at the concert last night.
18. When I returned home it was 5 o’clock.
19. There was only a footpath here last year.
20. It was snowing heavily yesterday.
21. There are no mistakes in your exercise.
22. It is clearing up. Let’s go out.
23. There are four hundred children in the school this year.
24. It is cloudy today. It looks like rain.
25. There is a post office in the village.
26. It often rains in autumn.
27. There was a man standing under the tree ten minutes ago.
28. It is thirty five degrees above zero today.
29. It was still very early and there was nobody to be seen in the street.
30. There are spots even on the sun.
31. What is the weather like today? — It keeps fine.
32. It is frosty and still snowing. How bitterly cold it is!
33. There is no royal road to learning.
34. Though the day is hot it is cool in the shade.
35. There was a lot of fish in this river some years ago.
36. It didn’t like rain at all this morning. The shower came on all of a sudden.
37. There are no free rooms on this floor.
38. The weather was beastly. It was foggy and rainy.
39. There are some buildings of modern design in that street.
40. It is stuffy in the room . Let’s open the window.