Оглавление —> Глагол —> Модальные глаголы
После того, как пройден грамматический раздел, его надо отработать в упражнениях, начиная с самых простых и заканчивая переводами на английский язык. Сначала упражнения пишутся на английском языке, чтобы “привыкнуть” к новой грамматике и воочию увидеть новые , только что освоенные правила. Начинаем с простых заданий — поставить утвердительные предложения в отрицательную (-) и вопросительную (?) формы.
Предложения с модальным глаголом MUST. Не забывайте, что в отрицании MUSTN’T меняет свое значение на строгий запрет, и переводится, как — “нельзя”, “запрещено”, “не смей и т.д.” Само собой все предложения надо переводить. Упражнение можно выполнять письменно или устно.
1. Children must go to school.
2. They must borrow books from the library.
3. She must show the letter to her parents.
4. Pupils must do their homework every day.
5. You must stay at home.
6. You must meet him at the station.
7.They must speak Russian in class.
8. I must make notes in the books.
9. My parents must sell their house.
10. You must change your shoes.
11. I must work as hard as I can.
12. He must read the whole book.
13. She must go home alone.
14. I must get there before eight.
15. She must wash up all the glasses.
16. Our teacher must write a lot of exercises on the blackboard.
17. You must answer at once.
18. You must ring him up before tomorrow.
19. They must answer in English.
20. You must put all the eggs in one basket.
21. She must cut it in three equal pieces.
22. You must lock the box up.
23. You must keep silent about this matter.
24. You must be present at the conference.
25. Ann must post the letters today.
26. You must take your examination in English.
27. This child must spend more time out in the open air.
28. They must translate such texts without a dictionary.
29. You must forgive him.
30. She must apologize to her friend.
Предложения с эквивалентом to HAVE to ( to HAVE GOT to) в настоящем и прошедшем времени. Не забывайте , что отрицательные (-) и вопросительные(?) предложения образуются при помощи вспомогательных глаголов — “do/does” в настоящем времени и — “did” в прошедшем времени. В предложениях в эквивалентами особое внимание уделяем устной отработке. Есть два варианта эквивалента , которые в настоящем времени почти взаимозаменяемы. Для особо любознательных могу рассказать о несущественном различии между ними. Если говорим о том, что приходится делать часто и каждый день — to HAVE to. Если надо, приходится делать что–то в данный , конкретный момент — to HAVE GOT to. Сравните два предложения:
He has to go there ( every day). = Ему приходится ходить туда ( часто, каждый день и т.д.)
He’s got to go there (now). = Ему надо идти. ( сейчас, в данный , конкретный момент).
Не забывайте о различии между модальным глаголом MUST и его эквивалентом — to HAVE to (to HAVE GOT to). Над предложениями с эквивалентом всегда витает вопрос — ПОЧЕМУ ПРИХОДИТСЯ, ПОЧЕМУ НАДО выполнять действие ? В самом предложении может быть объяснение необходимости , может и не быть.
Поставьте предложения в отрицательную (-) и вопросительные (?) формы.
1. He has to go home early. He’s got to go home early.
2. My sister has to begin working very early. My sister has got to begin working very early.
3. She had to drink it without sugar. She had got to drink it without sugar.
4. They have to brush their own shoes every day. They’ve got to brush their own shoes every day.
5. We had to light a fire to cook our supper.
6. Ann had to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter.
7. Mother has to cook dinner after work. Mother has got to cook dinner now because she didn’t prepare it yesterday.
8. He had to sit up late with this work because it was urgent.
9. I know that you have to get up early in order to catch the the train.
10. They had to cover the whole distance on foot. Their car was broken.
11. The girl had to take care of her younger sister and brother.
12. I am sorry, I’ve got to go.
13. He has to answer a lot of letters every day.
14. I had to show my passport.
15 . They’ve got to go back alone.
16. I’ve got to answer all these questions.
17. She has to stay with her little son at home yesterday.
18. The teacher had to repeat his question.
19. Don’t go away. I’ve got to speak to you.
20. Ann has work hard at her English because she missed several lectures.
21. He has to wait for her after work.
22. I has to help my son with English.
23. He had to apologize to his parents. He hurt their feelings.
24. I had to bother them yesterday. The matter was urgent.
25. Ann has to earn her living. She has nobody to help her.
26. She asked me for some money. I had to lend it to her.
27. He’s got to prepare for an examination now. He is very busy.
28. He had to translate this article without a dictionary.
29. They had to call a doctor because their granny was ill.
30. I has to go to the library because I don’t have English books at home.